Director: Alfred Hitchcock
Screenplay: Hume Cronyn and James
Bridie
Based on the stage play by John
Colton and Margaret Linden, adapted from Helen Simpson’s novel Under Capricorn
Cast: Ingrid Bergman as Lady
Henrietta Flusky; Joseph Cotten as Samson "Sam" Flusky; Michael
Wilding as Hon. Charles Adare; Margaret Leighton as Milly; Cecil Parker as Sir
Richard; Denis O'Dea as Mr. Corrigan; Jack Watling as Winter
Canon Fodder
Under Capricorn presents a bad moment for the career of Alfred
Hitchcock, where after beginning his American part of his filmmaker career,
working under producer David O. Selznick
from 1940’s Rebecca to The Paradine Case (1947), he stepped
out with Sidney Bernstein to start
his own film making company Transatlantic
Pictures. Under Capricorn was
the film he was focused on making, with Swedish actress Ingrid Bergman, yet irony holds that the film quickly made
beforehand, the experiment in long takes Rope
(1948), became the film of the two more easy to fit in the image of its
director, with its own idiosyncratic and compelling traits to dissect
technically and in its content. Under
Capricorn, as a melodrama adapted from a novel, had the unfortunate
existence that, as an expensive colour production, Bergman became a pariah to the United States, a big source of
potential revenue for the production’s release, as by when the film was
released, her controversial adulterous affair with Italian director Roberto Rossellini had transpired
causing scandal. Under Capricorn was
taken by one of its investors, Bankers
Trust Company, when a box office failure to coup the lost finances, not
seen until the sixties when made available to see again, and the studio Transatlantic Pictures was to be no more
into the fifties. Thankfully, Hitchcock’s
fifties period onwards would produce some of his most iconic films, even
contenders for some of the best ever made for people, but Under Capricorn itself is a curious film to think about. Simply to
watch and actually digest this lesser known production is a lot to chew on, and
this is factoring in the number of voices championing the film over the decades
when you dig into its history.
Set in 19th century
colonial era Australia, this follows an British ex-patriot Hon. Charles Adare (Michael Wilding) wishing to make his fortune there, only to come to Sydney
and come under the wing of Joseph Cotten’s Samson "Sam" Flusky.
He is for many a suspicious figure, and as the story continues, his pariah
status despite his own fortune is learnt of by Charles. A place where convicts
are said to be able to step back into respectability, this proves hypocritical
as Sam was such a case, still shunned due to the circumstances around his case,
murder, as a former tender of the horse stables where he met his wife, Lady
Henrietta Flusky (Bergman), who loved
each despite their class differences only for tragedy to strike. A luscious
film, yet set in a place where shrunken heads are traded secretly in the
streets, the film is stepped in melancholia despite its lush colour aesthetic
shot by legendary cinematographer Jack
Cardiff. Bergman’s lead is ill,
explicitly an alcoholic whose addiction is caused by the anguish of the time
having had to wait for Sams release from prison in the colony, neither helped
by it being very clear the head maid Milly (Margaret
Leighton), in love with Sam, has been gas lighting and feeding her
mistress’ drinking for control of the house.
It is an odd folly for Hitchcock as much as I can see this be a
legitimate grower in its riches, where in contrast to later films which were
maligned, digging the virtues out of this one means tackling a film which is
out of step from the director’s many trademarks. As much as Torn Curtain (1966) for an example was
viewed as a lesser production, his Cold War spy thriller, that at least has
stand out set pieces, and his cynical whit written everywhere in its tone, whilst
this was one of a few tangents away from the thrillers and suspense dramas
Hitchcock rebuilt and innovated in whilst providing more to them. Rope, made quickly before this film,
was an experiment that fed into this one’s production, with that tale being
told entirely in ten minute long takes, but that was still a taut thriller
based on a stage play based on the moral corruption of the heart, the perfect
murder. This in contrast is a depressed melodrama, compelling but one that with
hindsight would have not been a success for his own studio, even if Bergman’s
affair was not a factor, unless the mood of the audience was in his favour,
moments in danger of pure dourness, even next to the melancholia soaking in Rebecca which this can be compared to.
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The biggest issue with Under Capricorn, truthfully, is that
there are times this feels like it could be directed by anyone else but Hitchcock, and that is factoring in how
much is clearly his craft, but with pockets where the film lacks some finesse
to match when this triumphs in other moments. That is an issue, as even Rebecca, notoriously a jostling competition between Hitchcock and
his producer O. Selznick for
influencing its content, feels fully a piece to the director’s career, whilst
here it does feel its length with some padding. Thankfully you see a lot to Capricorn which clearly comes to this,
a mature drama about accepting the demons of the past and jealously, even with
humour, as fittingly for a known food connoisseur, Hitchcock has an extended joke about breakfast preparation with
deadpan expressions at some horrifically cooked eggs. The qualities of the
acting help what does feel its length without feeling methodical, and one of
the biggest aspects of its production which can be missed, its long extended
takes, does lead to moments where the viewer fully engaged with the emotion of
the drama. Bergman’s introduction
into the film, or her eight minute confession of her traumas, are some of the
best moments, which are helped by Hitchcock
deciding to force the film to extend takes for longer than usually done,
forcing you into the space with these scenes. There are moments where this
style clearly did not work, where honestly the film feels morose in its pacing,
or where the drama is undercut by scenes of dialogue which have not got the
snap of his work before and after, where the film as a technical level, and the
tone of the film, needed to be rethought.
His sense of black humour may
have also helped as someone, despite rarely writing his scripts, visibly influencing
them, as it would have actually helped make the strongest emotional parts more
meaningful. Considering how this nudges to some very adult content even in
terms of cinema in the decades after, the film is trying at a deft hand at a
really serious subject needing to not always lean on these extended long takes
and slow pace – Henrietta’s confessions, alongside his alcoholism, seemingly
evoke even prostitution or at least a life of squalor part of her life in the
slums of Sydney whilst waiting for Sam’s release, either subjects still taboos
a century on for some, are where the themes of the film really do become some
of the darkest of Hitchcock’s career
among many times he entered into this territory, in spite of not explicitly
showing a lot. It would have not been inappropriate if the film had embraced
its more macabre edges more, or used its languid technical style as a weapon by
occasionally stepping into some editing once or twice, especially as where the
film feels its weakest is in its lighter moments, too fluffy or insubstantial next
to the best comedy in his films, sticking out in contrast to the richness of
the emotional angst and pained love, including class bias, for Sam to Henrietta.
Tellingly it is the character of Charles where most of this comes from, though
he is an important part of the love triangle within the film itself, so there
is a sense that the optimistic and lighter moments of the story, and
effectively him as a character allowing the viewer into this world of Sam and
Henrietta, needed to be rewritten even if in one or two touches as with these
few drab moments.
This juxtaposition of where the
film succeeds and does feel like it could have been better paced is found in
how more vibrant the last quarter is, where its gothic and melodramatic
storytelling becomes more prominent, with the machinations of Milly and playing
to more lurid suspense in the attempts to psychologically ruin Henrietta come
to the fore, including the shrunken heads referenced earlier in this review
make their return. It is done without it seeming inappropriate for the rich
characterization, and where this film fully succeeds including with the
character depth, by writing and acting, of the tale of Sam and Henrietta. It is
not a surprise how the film has managed to win more and more respect over the
decades - Peter Bogdanovich was a
huge admirer of the film1 – and honestly, this is the kind of
production that could easily grow in respect from me, especially if it was
readily available in the best restorations to allow its aesthetics to be emphasized,
the contrast of rich late forties colour cinema against its bleak heart one of
its more enticing favors. I am still going to say, even when the film may
become flawless the more times seen, where I find its sluggish moments of
pacing dissipate to full admiration, that this was a film that was going to be
doomed back in the day as a box office film or be a risk to have even committed
to. Some of this is simply Hitchcock’s
name had already been cemented to thrillers, but a lot of this feeling comes
simply from what this film is, a production even when it offers a happy ending that
finds itself intentionally wallowing in its melancholia.
The shadow the film had
thankfully subsided. Ingrid Bergman
was welcomed back into American cinema with films like The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958), and whilst Transatlantic Pictures was the real
casualty of this film’s failure, some of Hitchcock’s
most legacy defining films in terms of pop culture and cinema, even really
difficult ones which force one to challenge him as a human being within his own
work, came after this to the end of his career. Under Capricorn is a production lost and in need of more assistance
in being brought into attention, especially as what you can get is a slightly
hazy DVD only release from a lost vanished distributor in the United Kingdom,
in spite of the fact this was Hitchcock’s return to his homeland as a British
production. It is not a film to immediately return to, next to the murder’s row
of iconic and underrated films in Alfred Hitchcock’s career, but it fascinates
and rewards as a serious, somber minded drama with ambitious in dealing with
its themes.
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1) My favourite Hitchcock: Under Capricorn,
written by Joe Walsh for The Guardian, published 14th August
2012.